Rum 2-5:

• Rumlar (Bizanslılar) yenilgiye uğradılar, üstelik yakın bir yerde, ama bu yenilgiye rağmen üstünlük sağlayacaklar, hem de bir kaç yıl içerisinde. (Çünkü) Karar yetkisi eninde sonunda Allah(cc)'a aittir. İşte o gün müminler , Allah(cc)'ın yardımına sevineceklerdir. Çünkü Allah(cc) dilediğine yardım eder. O kudret ve merhamet sahibidir.
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  Yukarıda  sözü  edilen  zaferler  ve  yenilgiler,  Bizanslılar ile Pers İmparatorluğu  arasında yüzyıllar süren savaşın  son dönemleri ile ilgilidir. 7.  yüzyılın başlarında  Persler,  Suriye  ve  Anadolu'nun  bir bölümünü,  “yakın  top­rakları”,  yani  Bizans  İmparatorluğu'nun  merkezine  yakın  yerleri  işgal  etmişlerdi. 6l3'de  Şam'ı,  6l4'de Kudüs'ü  aldılar.  Mısır,  6l5-l6'da  teslim  oldu;  aynı  dönemde İstanbul'u  bile  kuşattılar.  Bu  sûrenin  nazil  olduğu  dönemde  -Miladî  615  veya 6l6'ya tekabül eden,  Hicret'ten yaklaşık yedi yıl önce- Bizans  İmparatorluğu'nun kesin  olarak  parçalanması  yakın  görünüyordu.  Hz.  Peygamber'in  etrafındaki  bir avuç  mümin,  İsevî  olan  ve  kendileri  gibi  Tek  Allah'a  inanan  Bizanslılar'ın  kesin hezimete uğramaları ihtimalinden dolayı ümitsizliğe kapılmışlardı.  Müşrik Kureyşliler  ise  Persler'e  sempati  besliyorlar  ve  onların  üstünlük  sağlamasının,  Tek  İlah fikrine  karşı  muhalefetlerini  güçlendireceğini  ümit  ediyorlardı.  Muhammed  (s), Bizans'ın  “birkaç  yıl  içinde”  galip  geleceğini  haber veren  yukarıdaki  ayeti  tebliğ edince,  Kureyşliler  bunu  istihza  ile  karşıladılar. B id ‘ terimi  (ki  genelde  “birkaç” olarak çevrilir) üç ile on arasındaki herhangi bir sayıyı ifade eder:  nitekim, 622'de -yani,  Kur’an'm  bu  haberinden  6  veya  7  yıl  sonra- durum  Bizanslılar  lehine  de­ğişti.  O  yıl  İmparator Heraklius,  Persler'i Toros dağlarının güneyinde Issus'da ye­nilgiye  uğrattı  ve  ardından  onları  Küçük  Asya'dan  attı.  624'e  kadar  savaşı  Pers topraklarında  sürdürdü  ve  böylece  düşmanı  savunma  yapmak  zorunda  bıraktı. 626 yılının Aralık ayı başlarında ise Pers ordusu Bizanslılar tarafından tam bir boz­guna  uğratıldı.ESED
  
   Eight years before the Holy Prophet's advent as a Prophet the Byzantine Emperor Maurice was overthrown by Phocus, who captured the throne and became king. Phocus first got the Emperor's five sons executed in front of him, and then got the Emperor also killed and hung their heads in a thoroughfare in Constantinople. A few days after this he had the empress and her three daughters also put to death. The event provided Khusrau Parvez, the Sassanid king of Iran; a good moral excuse to attack Byzantium. For Emperor Maurice had been his benefactor; with his help he had got the throne of Iran. Therefore, he declared that he would avenge his godfather's and his children's murder upon Phocus, the usurper. So, he started war against Byzantium in 603 A. D. and within a few years, putting the Phocus armies to rout in succession, he reached Edessa (modern, Urfa) in Asia Minor, on the one hand, and Aleppo and Antioch in Syria, on the other. When the Byzantine ministers saw that Phocus could not save the country, they sought the African governor's help, who sent his son, Heraclius, to Constantinople with a strong fleet. Phocus was immediately deposed and Heraclius made emperor. He treated Phocus as he had treated Maurice. This happened in 610 A. D., the year the Holy Prophet was appointed to Prophethood.
  
  The moral excuse for which Khusrau Parvez had started the war was no more valid after the deposition and death of Phocus. Had the object of his war really been to avenge the murder of his ally on Phocus for his cruelty, he would have come to terms with the new Emperor after the death of Phocus. But he continued the war, and gave it the color of a crusade between Zoroastrianism and Christianity. The sympathies of the Christian sects (i. e. Nestorians and Jacobians, etc.) which had been excommunicated by the Roman ecclesiastical authority and tyrannized for years also went with the Magian (Zoroastrian) invaders, and the Jews also joined hands with them; so much so that the number of the Jews who enlisted in Khusrau's army rose up to 26,000.
  
  Heraclius could not stop this storm. The very first news that he received from the East after ascending the throne was that of the Iranian occupation of Antioch. After this Damascus fell in 613 A. D. Then in 614 A.D. the Iranians occupying Jerusalem played havoc with the Christian world. Ninety thousand Christians were massacred and the Holy Sepulcher was desecrated. The Original Cross on which, according to the Christian belief, Jesus had died was seized and carried to Mada'in. The chief priest Zacharia was taken prisoner and all the important churches of the city were destroyed. How puffed up was Khusrau Parvez at this victory can be judged from the letter that he wrote to Heraclius from Jerusalem. He wrote: "From Khusrau, the greatest of all gods, the master of the whole world: To Heraclius, his most wretched and most stupid servant: You say that you have trust in your Lord. why didn't then your Lord save Jerusalem from me?"
  
  Within a year after this victory the Iranian armies over-ran Jordan, Palestine and the whole of the Sinai Peninsula, and reached the frontiers of Egypt. In those very days another conflict of a far greater historical consequence was going on in Makkah. The believers in One God, under the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's peace be upon him), were fighting for their existence against the followers of shirk under the command of the chiefs of the Quraish, and the conflict had reached such a stage that in 615 A. D., a substantial number of the Muslims had to leave their homes and take refuge with the Christian kingdom of Habash, which was an ally of the Byzantine Empire. In those days the Sassanid victories against Byzantium were the talk of the town, and the pagans of Makkah were delighted and were taunting the Muslims to the effect: "Look the fire worshipers of Iran are winning victories and the Christian believers in Revelation and Prophethood are being routed everywhere. Likewise, we, the idol worshipers of Arabia, will exterminate you and your religion." ET
  
  
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