Nisa 47-48:

•  Ey Kitap Ehli, şimdi sahip olduğunuz hakikati tasdik edici olarak indirdiğimiz vahye inanın ki, ümitlerinizi boşa çıkarmayalım ve sona erdirmeyelim, tıpkı Sebt'i ihlal eden o toplumu lanetlediğimiz gibi; zira Allah(cc)'ın iradesi mutlaka icra edilir. Şüphesiz, Allah(cc) dilediği kimselerin (şahsi) günahlarını (إِثْمًا) bağışladığı halde, Kendisine ortak koşulmasını asla bağışlamaz. Zira, Allah(cc)'a ortak koşanlar korkunç bir günah işlemiş olur.
  (
  A-Th-M أ ث م
  اَلْاَثِمَة “ ” (al-athimah) is used for a female camel that gets tired and hence walks very slowly.
  الَْمُوَاثمٌِ “ ” (al-mowathim) is used to define a camel that can’t go any further because of exhaustion.
  Hence the term“ اِثْمٌ ” (ithmun) basically means
  - Exhaustion,
  - Sadness,
  - Loss of energy,
  - Slow tread,
  - Weakness.
  Ibn Faris says it means “delay” or “to stay behind”.
  The Quran uses “ اِثْمٌ ” (ithmun) and “ عُدْوَانٌ ” (a’dwanun) for ‘crime’. It refers to all acts which cause weakness in man and weaken his will to act and thus render him unable to traverse through life. To see the relevant elaboration of the word, please see the heading Ain-D-W where the difference between these
  two words has been illustrated. For this, the Quran has given the example of “ خَمْرٌ ” (khamrun) and “ ”مَيْسِرٌ
  (mayasirun) which means drinking and gambling, respectively. Here it says that though these do have their benefits, their use weakens human body and mind, and the damage caused is far more than their benefits.
  مْرٌ “ ” (khamrun) (intoxicating items) are well known for their debilitating effect on the human body; that is why it is said that heavenly wine will not have any “ تاَثيِْمٌ ” (tathimun) - intoxication.
  The word “ مَيْسِرٌ ” (mayasirun) comes from the word “ يُسْرٌ ” (yosrun) meaning “with ease”. Thus “ ”يُسْرٌ
  (yosrun) is all earning acquired without due effort. How one becomes lethargic and unable to do hard work due to such income is widely known. Those who earn by claiming interest are also called “ ”اَثِيْمٌ
  (athimun) 2:276.
  Under the heading Ain-D-W, it has been said that “ عُدْوَانٌ ” (a’dwanun) also means such crimes that have a contagious effect. In other words, other people in society are also affected by it. As such, “ اَثِيْمٌ ” (athimun) would mean such crimes whose effect is confined to the doer. For example, a man takes opium and lies down quietly. It is obvious that his act affects only him and no one else. But the Quran says even that is a crime, because the purpose of life is to grow and develop. As such, anything which causes weakness is a crime, even if it is self-induced. According to the Quran, it is also a crime to hurt oneself deliberately. Suicide is also murder (of self) and hence falls in the category of “ اَثِيْمٌ ” (athimun).
  Similarly, if someone acquires wealth without working hard (no matter how he gets it) and he doesn’t even hurt anybody in doing so, even then it is “ اَثِيْمٌ ” (athimun) (a crime) because by not working, his faculties will be weakened and according to the Quran, that, too, is a crime.
  These, then, are the basic meanings of “ اَثِيْمٌ ” (athimun).
  With the passage of time, people also started to use this word to describe ordinary crime. Some say that it means such act which takes time in producing a result. This, too, is included in its basic meanings, like slowness, delaying in producing result, producing result slowly, like the use of drugs.
  Raghib says that “ اَثِيْمٌ ” (athimun) and “ ذَنَبْ ” (zanab) differ because “ ذَنَبْ ” (zanab) can occur unwittingly as well as deliberately but “ اَثِيْمٌ ” (athimun) is only with intent. But the definition of “ بطُْوً ” (buto’an) i.e. to take time is always included in its connotation.
  
  
  
  
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